. 
166 POPULAR FLORA. 
there are five chaffy and pointed scales (Fig. 409). But more commonly the pappus con- 
sists of briatles, or downy hairs (as its name denotes), Asters, Groundsels, and especially 
oe Thistles, afford most familiar examples of. such a 
hairy or downy pappus; those of Thistles, &c. 
in autumn sailing about in every breeze. Fig. 
411 shows the very soft downy pappus of Sow- 
Thistle. Fig. 410, that of the Dandelion; this is 
raised upon a long beak to the akene, which 
lengthens greatly after flowering. 
This family contains about an eighth or tenth 
i part of all Flowering plants. But it is too diffi- 
404, Half of a head of flowers of Coreopsis, cult for the beginner. So we here barely men- 
tion a few of the common plants which belong to it. 
Ray-flower, 
. Ray-flower, 
‘ neutral, ¥ 1 7 
neutral, 
405. Slice of the same, enlarged, with one ray-flower, and part of another, and one pétfect disk-flower (a), with its bract or chaff (5). 
1. Among those which have no rays, or strap-shaped corollas, are Thisiles, Burdock, 
Everlasting and Cudweed, Wormwood, Thoroughwort or 
Eupatorium, Button-Snakeroot, and Ironweed. — 
2. With rays or strap-shaped corollas at the margin 
(either neutral or pistillate), and tubular flowers in the 
centre; Colisfoot, Aster, Fleabane, Daisy, Goldenrod, 
Sunflower, Coreopsis, Mayweed, Chamomile, &c. 
8. With all the flowers strap-shaped and. perfect (and 
407 
in this division the plants have a milky juice): Oichory or Succory (Fig. 402), Salsify, 
Hawkweed, Sow-thistle, Dandelion, and Lettuce. j 
409 410 all 
