96 ANATOMICAL TECHNOhOQT. 



Spina Neuralis Thoracica Prima — The first thoracic spinous 

 process. — This is about half as long again as that of the seventh 

 cervical vertebra, and larger at the tip than the succeeding thoracic 

 spines. In the living animal, it is at the bottom of the interscapular 

 depression, but one or both of the scapulae may be ventriducted so 

 as to leave it more prominent. 



In man, it is the seventh cervical spine which is longer than the rest, whence the 

 name Vertebra prominens sometimes applied to the vertebra. 



-8^. JVrl Thr. /5— (Fig. 30).— This is a little cephalad of the 

 vertebral ends of the last ribs, and may sometimes be distinguished 

 from the other thoracic spines by its greater cephalo-caudal extent, 

 wherein it resembles the lumbar series. The tenth or eleventh spine 

 is usually quite short, so as to leave a slight hiatus about 2 cm. 

 cephalad of the thirteenth. In counting the spines beginning with 

 the first, the thirteenth will usually appear to be the twelfth on 

 account of the short one just mentioned. If the lumbar series be 

 counted, attention must be paid to the point next mentioned. 



Spina Lumbalis 7 — The last lumbar spine. — This projects just 

 cephalad of a line between the Cristse iliorum, while the first sacral 

 spine projects between the Cristse, so as to be hidden by them in 

 the figure of the entire skeleton (Kg. 30). 



§ 228. Pubes — (Fig. 51). — The cephalic border of the pubic bone 

 is easily felt both at and laterad of the ventrimeson. 



Epigastrium and XipMsternum — (Fig. 72). — ^The epigastrium is 

 a subtriangular area at about the junction of the cephalic and 

 middle third of the trunk. Its latero-cephalic borders are formed 

 by the ninth and tenth costicartilagines. The xipTiisternum (Fig. 

 30, 49, 72,) may be felt on the meson in a lean cat, but it is some- 

 times obscured by fat. 



Presternum — (Fig. 30, 49).^This is easily distinguished either 

 on passing the finger cephalad along the sternum to tbe neck, or 

 caudad along the neck until it reaches the somewhat sharply pro- 

 jecting point. 



Larynx — (Fig. 30). — This forms a compressible ventrimesal 

 prominence about midway between the prsesternum and the chin 

 when the head is dorsiducted so as to bring the ventral surface of 

 the neck and head into the same plane. 



Lateral Somatic Landmarks. — These, of course, are in pairs, 

 but they wiU be spoken of in the singular number. 



