308 COLICS AND THEIR TREATMENT 



arm except in very small horses, the results of rectal 

 examination are almost always negative. The clinical 

 symptoms are very similar to those of impaction of the 

 small bowel, so that from a clinical standpoint a differen- 

 tiation is not always possible. There is, in other words, 

 nothing characteristic in the symptoms of this form of 

 colic. As far as the pulse, conjunctiva and temperature 

 are concerned, they are usually in the beginning not much 

 affected. However, as in impactions of the small bowel, 

 after the condition has prevailed for many hours, a gen- 

 eral bloating of the small intestines results, so do we find 

 in cases of impaction of the right upper colon usually 

 considerable gas accumulation in the other colons, even 

 the left colons may be found distended. This permits 

 us to make a probable diagnosis. In brief, the differen- 

 tiation between impaction of the right upper colon and 

 impaction of the srnall bowels would depend upon whether 

 the large or small intestines became bloated later in the 

 attack. In the early stages a differentiation is not possible. 



III. Impaction Complicated with Abnormal 

 Displacement 



The following abnormal displacements of the bowel 

 have been noted : 



1. Torsion of the colon. 



2. Torsion of the cecum. 



3. Torsion of the small intestine. 



4. Intussusception of the small intestine. 



5. Incarceration of the bowel in the inguinal canal, 

 epiploic foramen, rents in the diaphragm, omentum, me- 

 sentery, etc. 



6. Strangulation of the bowel from tumors. 



