1374 GYMNOSPEKMS. 



Class II. GYMNOSPERMS. 



Flowers strictly unisexual, without perianths. Anther-cells 2 or more sessile 

 on the scale-like connectives or scales of a catkin or cone. Ovules in the axils 

 or upon the scales of a cone or a fleshy cup or receptacle without any ovary. 

 Cotyledons 2, or sometimes 8 or many. 



CXXIII. CoNiFEE.E. Branching trees or shrubs, with needle-like or rigid entire leaves or 

 scales. Stamens in catkins with scale-like connectives, bearing 2 or few anther-cells. 



CXXIV. Cycadace;e. Trunks woody, usually simple, with a palm-like crown ot large pinnate 

 leaves. Anther-cells numerous on the concealed under side of the scales of a large cone. 



Class III. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Stem not distinguishable into pith, wood and bark, but when perennial, 

 consisting of bundles of fibres irregularly imbedded in cellular tissue, with 

 a firmly adherent rind outside. Seeds with one cotyledon, the embryo un- 

 divided, the young stems developed from a sheath-like cavity on one side. 

 Leaves radical or alternate and parallel veined or rarely pinnate and crowning 

 the undivided stem. Parts of the flower most frequently in threes, or in a 

 few , orders the perianth wanting, or the parts reduced in number when 

 irregular, or in twos or fours in Xaiadacea. 



Sekies I. M1CBOSPERM.E. — Flowers uni- or bisexual. Perianth superior, seg* 

 ments usually biseriate, inner or both series coroUine. Ovary 1-celled, placenta 

 parietal, rarely 3-celled, placenta axile. Seeds many-minute. 



CXXV. Hydkochaeide/e. Plowers mostly unisexual, enclosed in spathes. Sepals 3. Petals. 

 3 or none. Stamens 3, 6, 9 rarely numerous, or fewer by abortion; anthers erect. Ovary lor 

 sub-3 celled. Styles or stigmas 3 to 12. I'ruit fleshy or membranous. Aquatic (fresh or salt- 

 water) plants with undivided leaves. 



CXXVI. BuRMANNiACE^:. Plowers bisexual. Perianth subpersistent, lobes or segments 

 biseriate, short, valvate. Stamens 3 or 6 ; anthers sessile on the perianth-tube. Ovary 

 3-celled with axile, or 1-celled with parietal placentas. Capsule looulicidal. Herbs with 

 radical leaves rarely reduced to scales. Flowers in forked cymes sometimes reduced to a 

 single flower. 



CXXVII. OKCHiDEa!. Flowers irregular (except Apostasia), bisexual. Perianth 6-partiter 

 aegmenls biseriate, inner or both corolline. Stamen 1, confluent with the style in a column 

 (2 in Apostaxia), anthers 2-celled) ; pollen grains cohering in waxy or powdery masses.' Ovary 

 1-celled wiih 3 parietal placentas (3-celled in Apostasia), usually twisted. Capsules loculioidaK 

 Seeds minute, with a homogeneous embryo. Herbs or shrubs often epiphytic. Inflorescence 

 centripetal. 



Series II. Epigyn.e. — Flowers bisexual (except Dioscoreacea). Perianth 

 superior (except Ophiojwr/on), biseriate, one or both series corolline. Ovary 

 1 to 3-celled. Albumen copious. 



CXXVIIL SciTAMiNK,!;. Flowers irregular, uni- or bisexual. Perianth biseriate, inneror both 

 series petaloid, limb spreading (inner of 1 short petal in Musa). Stamen 1 antherferous (5 in. 

 Alusa). Ovary 1 to 3-celled ; style long, stigma with a usually ciliate mouth. 



CXXIX. Hiis5ioDOEACE.E. Perianth superior (J interior in Ophiopogon), petaloid; limb- 

 6-lobed or partite in 2 series. Stamens 6, opposite perianth-lobes ; anthers erect or versatile. 

 Ovary 3-celled, cells 1 to 2 ovulate ; style columnar, stigma simple or 3-toothed. Fruit 

 bursting irregularly before the seeds ripen. Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, narrow ; flowers 

 in spikes or panicles. 



CXXX. IKIDK.K. Flowers regular ornearly so. Perianth ooroUine. Stamens 3 opposite the 

 outer lobes. Ovary inferior, usually 3-oelled, cells many ovulate. Embryo small in horny 

 albumen. Inflorescence centrifugal. Leaves laterally flattened or terete. 



CXXXI. AuAEYLijDEa:. Flowers regular or slightly irregular. Perianth corolline; Stamens 

 6, filaments distinct or connate ; anthers erect or versatile. Ovary 3-celled, cells many ovulate ; 

 ttyle short or long, stigma 3-lobed or partite. Capsules loculicidal or bursting irregularly. 

 Embryo small in fleshy albumen. Eootstock bui^'"v° 0." tv.':-"'.™-'" : }".?."'"•. nV.»°r "'• i!"i''onloto. 



