1492 CXX. CASUAEINE^. [Casuarina. 



though considerably longer than the dorsal protuberance, which is broad entire and 

 smooth. — Miq. Eev. Gas. 67, t. 7 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 348 ; C. striata, Miq. in 

 DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 386, not of Aiton ; C. Muelleriana, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch, 

 iv. 99 ; C. riijida, Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 337, as to the Tasmanian specimens. 



Hab.: Macpherson's Eange, H. Tryon, 



7. C. torulosa (slightly uneven). Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 320 ; Benth. Fl. Aiistr. 

 vi. 200. Forest Oak. " Boorooda," Brisbane, Petrie. Koondeeba, Stradbroke 

 Island, Wathins. " Porotha," Bundaberg, Keys. " Gournah," Taromeo, 

 Shirley. A small tree, dioecious or sometimes monoecious, with more slender 

 branchlets than any other species except some forms of C. suherosa, the ribs 

 scarcely prominent. Whorls 4-merous, the sheath-teeth very short. Male spikes 

 very slender, ^ to lin. long, terminating deciduous branchlets, compact although 

 the short sheaths scarcely overlap. Cones nearly globular but flat-topped, about 

 fin. diameter, the valves very woody, broad, slightly protruding, villous on the 

 the dorsal protuberance divided into numerous small nearly equal tubercles. — 

 Miq. in DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 341, but not of his Eev. Cas ; C. tenuissima, Sieb. in 

 Spreng. Syst. iii. 804, Miq. Eev. Cas. 29, t. 4. 



Hab.: Brisbane Eiver, Moreton Bay and Burnett Eiver, F. v. Mueller; Stradbroke Island, 

 Fraser ; Berseker llange, O'Slianesy (with very corky bark) ; Eockhampton, Thozet ; Eoekingham 

 Sa,j, Dallachy ; MoxvafEMioti, Fitzalan. 



"Wood of a red colour, very nicely marked, close in tbe grain and hard; used for bullock- 

 yokes.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, A'o. 400. 



8. C. Secaisneana (after J. Deeaisne), F- v. il. Fraym. i. 61 ; Benth. 

 Fl. Anstr. vi. 200. A tree of 30 to 40ft., the branches terete, rigid, scarcely 

 ribbed, the internodes above |in. long. Whorls 4-merous, the sheath-teeth 

 somewhat paleaceous, lanceolate, fine-pointed, 1 to 2 lines long, or on the young 

 permanent branches often 3 lines, erect and never recurved. Male spikes 

 unknown. Cones ovoid, very shortly pedunculate, li^in. long and lin. diameter, 

 very woody, tomentose- villous, the thick valves not protruding beyond the broad 

 thick undivided dorsal tubercles. — Miq. in DO. Prod. xvi. ii. 340. 



Hab.: On the border of South Australia, F. v. M. 



Oeder OXXI. CUPULIFER^. 



Flowers monoecious. Males in spikes or catkins. Perianth of 1 or several 

 usually unequal scales, segments or lobes. Stamens 1 or more, with or without 

 a central rudimentary pistil ; filaments slender ; anthers 2-celled. Female 

 flowers solitary or few together, surrounded by scales or bracts either remaining 

 free or more frequently united in an entire or lobed involucre often enclosing 

 the fruits, and sometimes growing out into sets or prickles. Eerianth-tube 

 adnate to the ovary, the limb usually 6-toothed. Ovary inferior, 1-celled or more 

 or less perfectly 3 or more celled. Styles as many as cells, simple, stigmatic 

 in the upper portion. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, erect or pendulous. Fruit 

 consisting of one or more nuts placed upon, or more or .less enclosed in, the 

 usually enlarged persistent involucre. Seeds usually solitary in each nut, without 

 albumen. Embryo various, the radicle usually superior. Trees or shrubs. 

 Leaves alternate, penniveined, with or without stipules. Male catkins usually 

 falling off entire. 



The Order is almost limited to the northern hemisphere in the New a5 well as the Old World. 



