CXXI. CUPULIFERiE. 1493 



1. FAGUS, Linn. 



(So called from phago to eat ; because the nuts were used as food in 



the early ages.) 



Male flowers in globular pendulous catkins within small scales, falling off very 

 ■early, or rarely solitary. Perianths shortly stalked within each catkin-scale 

 ■campanulate, 4 to 6-lobed, containing 8 to 16 stamens, with protruding filaments. 

 Female catkins globular, almost sessile, linear, with numerous closely- 

 packed filiform inner scales, the scales, all empty except the innermost and 

 forming an involucre round 2 to 4 sessile flowers in the centre of the catkin. 

 Perianth-limb of 4 or 5 short lobes. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules 

 in each cell. Styles 3. Nuts 2 to 4, angled or winged, enclosed in a hard 

 prickly involucre, composed of the combined scales of the catkin, and opening 

 in 4 valves. — Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, penniveined, 

 frequently plicate and toothed. Stipules usually deciduous. Male catkins 

 usually in the lower axils, the females in the upper. ones. 



1. P. IVZoorei (after C. Moore), F. r. M. Fragm. v. 109 ; Benth. Fl. 

 Austr. vi. 211. A tree attaining the height of 150ft. Leaves 1 to 2in. long 

 ■on the barren shoots, f to lin. on the flowering branches, ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, crenate, acute or a few only of the lowest obtuse, fiat and 

 ■coriaceous. Male catkins in the lower axils on short recurved peduncles. 

 Involucre irregularly 8 to 12-lobed, and mostly splitting. Stamens about 20. 

 Female catkins in the upper axils on erect short peduncles, ovoid, glandular, 

 containing 3 flowers each. Ovary of the 2 outer flowers 3-angled and 3-winged, 

 of the inner flower flattened and 2-winged. Fruiting involucre about 5 lines long. 

 - — F. Carronii, C. Moore. 



Hab.: On the high mountains towards Tamrookam. R. Collins, 



Okder CXXII. CERATOPHYLLEiE. 



Flowers minute, axillary, sessile. Male solitary ;" perianth of 6 to 12 narrow 

 subvalvate 2-fid segments. Stamens 20 to 30, filaments very short; anthers 

 •erect, extrorse, connective at tjie top, truncate or 2-toothed. Female perianth 

 like the male. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-celled ; style subulate, stigmatic on one 

 side ; ovule solitary, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit a small coriaceous ovoid or 

 ■ellipsoid somewhat compressed nut terminating in an elongated subulate style, 

 and with a styliform spur projecting from above the base on either side. Seed 

 ■exalbuminous ; embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle very short, inferior, 

 plumule many leaved. — Submerged monoecious slender fragile branching 

 herbs. Leaves whorled, dichotomously cleft into filiform toothletted lobes. 

 ■Stipules none. _ 



Consists of one very variable species. 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn. 

 (The leaf -divisions horn-like.) 

 Characters of the Order. 



1. C. demersum (under water), Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 73 ; Benth. Fl. 

 Austr. ii. 491. A glabrous perennial floating like the submerged species of 

 Myriophyliuni, and the leaves whorled in the same manner, but dichotomously, 

 not pinnately, divided in linear segments, either fine and subulate or rather 

 toroader and denticulate. Flowers small, sessile in the axils. Anthers of the 

 inales oblong, mucronate. Fruit in the Australian specimens ovoid, slightly com- 



