PINACEAE 
Austrian Pine. Black Pine 
Pinus laricio austriaca Endl. [Pinus austriaca Héss.] 
HABIT.—A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter 
of 2-4 feet; forming a massive, spreading crown of stiff, strong 
branches. 
LEAVES.—In clusters of two; 3-6 inches long; slender, 
rigid, sharp-pointed, curved towards the twig; deep green on 
both faces. Persistent 3-6 years. 
FLOWERS.—May-June; monoecious; the staminate cylin- 
drical, subsessile, bright yellow, about 34 inch long; the pistillate 
cylindrical, small, bright red, subsessile. 
FRUIT.—Autumn of first season, opening two years after 
full size is attained and remaining on the tree several years; 
erect, sessile, long-ovoid cones 2-3 inches long; scales smooth, 
lustrous, thickened at the apex and topped with a short spine in 
the center; seeds red-brown, % inch long, with wings 34 inch 
long. 
WINTER-BUDS.—Oblong-conical, sharp-pointed, _red- 
brown, resinous, about % inch long. 
BARK.—Twigs brownish to olive-brown and smooth, be- 
coming darker with age; thick, gray to nearly black on old 
trunks and coarsely and deeply fissured. 
WOOD.—Light, strong, very resinous, red-brown, with thick, 
yellowish to reddish white sapwood. 
NOTES.—Perfectly hardy. Adapts itself to a variety of 
soils. Well adapted for screens and wind-breaks. Easily trans- 
planted when small. Grows rapidly. 
