PINACEAE 
Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir 
Pinus sylvestris L. 
HABIT.—A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk diameter 
of 1-2 feet; the side branches persist, forming a massive, wide- 
spreading crown. 
LEAVES.—In clusters of two; 114-3 inches long; stiff, more 
or less twisted, spreading slightly from a short sheath; bluish- 
or often glaucous-green. Persistent 3-4 years. 
FLOWER'S.—May-June; monoecious; the staminate ovoid, 
short-stalked, yellowish, about %4 inch long; the pistillate oblong, 
reddish, short-stalked, about 14 inch long. 
FRUIT.—Autumn of second season, falling as soon as ripe; 
pendent, stout-stalked, ovoid-conical cones 114-214 inches long; 
scales dull gray-brown, thickened at the apex into 4-sided, re- 
curved points; seeds red-brown, nearly 14 inch long, with wings 
about 34 inch long. 
WINTER-BUDS.—Oblong-ovoid, sharp-pointed, red-brown, 
resinous, about 14 inch long. 
BARK.—tTwigs reddish to orange-brown, becoming grayish; 
thick, dark orange-brown on old trunks and coarsely and deeply 
fissured. 
WOOD.—Light, stiff, straight-grained, strong, heavy,: hard, 
resinous, red-brown, with thick, yellow to reddish white sap- 
wood. 
NOTES.—Very rapid of growth. Reaches perfection only 
in cold or elevated regions. Adapts itself to a variety of soils. 
A valuable ornamental tree. Very useful for screens or shelter 
belts. 
