PIN ACEAE 
Hemlock 
Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 
HABIT.—A large tree 60-80 feet high, with a trunk 2-4 
feet in diameter; forming a.rather broad, open, somewhat irregu- 
lar-pyramidal crown of slender, horizontal branches. 
LEAVES.—Spirally arranged around the branch, but appear- 
ing 2-ranked by the twisting of their petioles; linear, flat, rounded 
at the apex; about % inch long; dark yellow-green and shining 
above, hoary beneath; short-petioled. Persistent about 3 years. 
FLOWERS.—April-May; monoecious; the staminate axil-- 
lary, short-stalked, light yellow, about’ 34 inch long, composed of 
subglobose clusters of stamens; the pistillate terminal, oblong, 
pale green, 4 inch long, the scales short, pinkish. 
FRUIT.—Autumn of first season, gradually losing their seeds 
during the winter and falling the next spring; oblong-ovoid, 
acute, short-stalked, red-brown cones, about 34 inch long; seeds 
¥ inch long, with wings about twice as long. 
‘WINTER-BUDS.—Ovoid, obtuse, red-brown, slightly pub- 
erulous, 4¢ inch long. 
BARK.—Twigs at first pale brown and pubescent, becoming 
glabrous, gray-brown; thick, red-brown or gray on the trunk, 
deeply divided into narrow, rounded, scaly ridges. 
WOOD.—Light, soft, weak, brittle, coarse- and crooked- 
grained, not durable, ill-smelling, light red-brown, with thin, 
darker colored sapwood. 
DISTRIBUTION.—Throughout the state, with the excep- 
tion of the south-eastern portion; scarce on the east side of the 
state, more common on the west, becoming very abundant in 
Emmet County. 
HABITAT.—Prefers well-drained uplands and slopes of 
ravines. ; 
NOTES.—A favorite hedge plant. Useful for ornamental 
planting in shady situations. 
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