Tjeaves are either persistent, as in most of our conifers, 
which stay green all winter, or they turn various colors with the 
frost and fall early in autumn; often they hang dead and lifeless 
far into the winter. The points about leaves which we are 
accustomed to consider are the position or arrangement of the 
Ill. LEAF MARGINS 
HTL 
p } 
>) 
p 
~~ 
Serrate. Doubly Serrate. Crenate. Undulate. Sinuate. Lobed. 
entate, ‘ 
leaves on the branch, whether simple or compound, size, shape, 
texture, color, amount and character of pubescence, character of 
the margin, venation, etc. The following diagrams will serve to 
illustrate some of the ordinary forms and SHARES of leaves, their 
margins, etc.’ 
FLOWERS.—Every tree when old enough bears flowers in 
its proper season. Some of these, as the Catalpas, Locusts and 
Horse-chestnuts are 
wey shows, others, IV. PARTS OF A FLOWER 
like ‘the Oaks and 
Hickories, are compar- 
atively inconspicuous; 
some are brilliantly 
colored, others are of 
the same color as the 
leaves. Nevertheless, 
the flowers are very ac- 
curate means of clas- 
sification, and their 
only drawback is that 
Perfect Flower. Stamen. 
a a. Sepal (Calyx). f, Filament. 
they last for such a b. gral (Coralla). g- Siam: 
, i tim: c. Stamen. . Style. 
short period af time § Site eit Ovary. 
each year. e. Anther. ne 
se — XIII — 
Pistil. 
