PINACEAE 
Red ‘Juniper. Red Cedar 
Juniperus virginiana L,. 
HABIT.—A medium-sized tree 30-40 feet high, with a trunk 
diameter of 1-2 feet; forming an irregular, pyramidal or rounded 
crown. 
LEAVES.—Opposite, of two kinds: (1) sessile, scale-like, 
closely appressed, overlapping, 4-ranked, ovate, acute, 146 inch 
long, (2) sessile, awl-shaped, loosely arranged, 1%4-% inch long. 
Persistent 5-6 years. 
FLOWERS.—May; usually dioecious; minute; the staminate 
oblong-ovoid, composed of 4-6 shield-like scales, each bearing 
4-5 yellow, globose pollen sacs; the pistillate ovoid, composed 
of about 3 pairs of flesh, bluish scales, united at the base and 
bearing 2 ovules. 
FRUIT—Autumn of first or second season; subglobose, 
berry-like strobile, about %4 inch in diaméter, dark blue and 
_ glaucous; flesh sweet and resinous; seeds 2-3. 
WINTER-BUDS.—Naked, minute. 
BARK—Twigs greenish to red-brown and smooth; thin, 
light red-brown on the trunk, exfoliating lengthwise intc long, 
narrow, persistent strips, exposing the smooth, brown inner bark. 
WOOD.—Light, soft, close-grained, brittle, weak, durable, 
very fragrant, dull red, with thin, whitish sapwood. 
DISTRIBUTION.—Occurs sparingly throughout the state; 
most abundant in the southern portion. ; 
HABITAT.—Prefers loamy soil on sunny slopes; dry, rocky 
hills; also borders of lakes and streams, peaty swamps. 
NOTES.—Slow of growth. Long-lived. Should be trans- 
planted with ball of earth. Tolerant of varied soils and situa- 
tions. 
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