SUMMER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF QUERCUS 
a. Leaves deeply cut or lobed. 
b. Leaf-lobes acute, bristle-tipped; fruit maturing in the 
second season. 
c. Lower surface of leaves more or less pubescent. 
d. Leaf-lobes usually 7; buds hoary-tomentose; bark of 
trunk deeply furrowed and scaly; inner bark yellow; 
cup-scales of acorn thoary-pubescent; nut ovoid; 
large tree, common in ‘Michigan...Q. velutina, p. 117. 
dd. Leaf-lobes usually 3 (at apex of the leaf only) ; buds 
rusty-hairy; bark of trunk divided into nearly square 
plates; inner bark not yellow; cup-scales of acorn 
rusty-tomentose; nut subglobose; shrubby tree, rare 
in ‘Michigan ...............05- Q. marilandica, p. 119. 
cc. Lower surface of leaves glabrous or nearly so. 
d. Cup of acorn top-shaped or cup-shaped, inclosing one- 
third to one-half of the nut. 
e. Kernel of nut yellow; buds glabrous, lustrous, 
slightly angular; inner bark of trunk yellow; trunk 
provided with pins or stubs of dead branches near 
the ground.................. Q. ellipsoidalis, p. 115. 
ee. Kernel of nut whitish; buds pubescent above the 
middle, not angular; inner bark of trunk red; trunk 
not provided with pins or stubs of branches near 
the SPOUNG osecsiwceadeees ena d Q. coccinea, p. 113. 
dd. Cup of acorn saucer-shaped, inclosing only the base 
of the nut. 
e. Upper surface of leaves usually lustrous, especially 
on the lower branches; lowermost branches of trees 
growing in the open drooping nearly to the ground; 
nut about % inch long.......... Q. palustris, p. 111. 
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