WINTER KEY TO THE SPECIES OF QUERCUS 
a. Terminal buds usually about % inch long. 
b. Twigs thick-tomentose; entire bud pale-pubescent; 
branches corky-ridged; cup of acorn conspicuously fringed 
at the pintesc. ss Aches 2. cael [1]* Q. macrocarpa, p. 103- 
bb. Twigs glabrous; buds glabrous, or only slightly or par- 
tially pubescent; branches without corky ridges; cup of 
acorn not conspicuously fringed at the rim. 
c. Bark on branches breaking into large, papery scales 
which curl back; buds pilose above the middle; acorns 
on pubescent stems 1-4 inches lOnS... 460. wassuageces 
ree ee eo ee [1] Q. bicolor, p. t05. 
cc. Bark on branches not breaking into large, papery scales; 
buds glabrous; acorns sessile or very short-stalked. 
d. Bark of trunk ash-gray or nearly white, flaky; acorns 
maturing in autumn of first season; kernel of nut 
sweet. 
e. Buds conical, acute; bud-scales scarious on the mar- 
gins; nut white-downy at the apex................ 
ge hed Annoy een taantares [1] Q. muhlenbergii, p. 107. 
ee. Buds broadly ovoid, obtuse; bud-scales not scarious 
on the margins; nut not white-downy at the apex.. 
eee eee eee ree [1] Q. alba, p. 101. 
dd. Bark of trunk light to dark brown, smoothish or only 
slightly fissured; acorns maturing in autumn of sec- 
ond season; kernel of nut bitter. 
*[1] means that the acorns mature in the autumn of the 
first season, hence mature acorns will not be found on the tree, 
but on the ground beneath the tree. 
[2] means that the acorns mature in the autumn of the 
second season, hence immature acorns will be found on the last 
season’s twigs, and mature acorns on the ground beneath the 
tree, 
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