OLEACEAE 
Blue Ash 
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 
HABIT.—A large tree 50-80 feet high, with a trunk diam- 
eter of 1-3 feet; small, spreading branches and stout, 4-angled, 
more or less 4-winged ‘branchlets form a narrow crown. 
LEAVES.— Opposite, pinnately compound, 8-12 inches long. 
Leaflets 5-9, usually 7, 3-5 inches long, 1-2 inches broad; short- 
stalked; ovate-oblong to lanceolate, long-pointed; coarsely ser- 
rate; thick and firm; yellow-green above, paler beneath, glabrous. 
Petioles slender, glabrous. 
FLOWERS.—April, before the leaves; perfect; borne in 
loose panicles on shoots of the previous season; calyx reduced to 
a ring; corolla 0; stamens 2; ovary 2-celled. 
FRUIT.—September-October, falling soon after; samaras 
1-2 inches long, in long, loose, paniculate clusters. 
‘WINTER-BUDS.—Short, rather obtuse; bud-scales rounded 
on the back, 3 pairs, dark red-brown, somewhat pubescent. 
BARK.—Twigs orange, rusty-pubescent, becoming brownish 
or grayish; on the trunk light gray tinged with red, irregularly 
divided into large, plate-like scales, often with the shaggy ap- 
pearance of a Shagbark Hickory. 
WOOD.—Heavy, ‘hard, close-grained, brittle, light yellow 
streaked with brown, with thick, light yellow sapwood. 
DISTRIBUTION.— Occasionally in the southern half of the 
Lower Peninsula. Nowhere abundant. 
‘HABITAT.—Prefers rich, limestone hills, but grows well in 
fertile bottom-lands. 
NOTES.—Hardy and grows rapidly. A blue dye is made by 
mascerating the inner bark in water. 
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