Raccmose. Resembling a raceme. 
Rachis. The central axis of a spike or raceme of flowers or of 
a.compound leaf. 
Recurved. ‘Curved downward or backward. 
Reticulate. Netted. 
Rough, Harsh to the touch; pubescent. 
Rugose. Wrinkled. 
Samara. An indehiscent winged fruit. 
Sapwood. The living outer portion of a trunk or large branch 
of a tree between the heartwood and the bark. 
Scales, Small modified leaves, usually thin and scarious, seen in 
buds and cones; the flakes into which the outer bark often 
divides. 
Scaly. Provided with scales. 
Scarious. Thin, dry, membranaceous; not green. 
Scurfy. Covered with small bran-like scales. 
Seed. The ripened ovule. 
Sepal. One of the divisions of a calyx. Page x11. 
Serrate. Toothed, the teeth sharp and pointing forward. Page 
xXIIt, 
Sessile, Without a stalk. 
Shrub. A bushy, woody growth, usually branched at or near the 
_ base, less than 15 feet in height. 
Simple. Of one piece; not compound. 
Sinuate. Strongly wavy. Page xm. 
Sinucus. In form like the path of a snake. 
Sinus. 'The cleft or space between two lobes. 
Smooth, Smooth to the touch; not pubescent. 
Spatulate. Wide and rounded at the apex, but gradually nar-. 
rowed downward. Page xu. 
Spike. A simple inflorescence of sessile flowers arranged on a 
common, elongated axis (rachis). Page x1v. 
Spine. A sharp woody outgrowth from a stem. 
Spray. The aggregate of smaller branches and branchlets. 
Stamen. The pollen-bearing organ of a flower, normally con- 
sisting of filament and anther. Page xu1u1. 
Staminate. Provided with stamens, but usually without pistils. 
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