xvi CONTENTS. 
Aspen.—Its Numerous Species and Resemblances.—Value of its 
Wood.—Disagreeable Character of its Seed.—The American Aspen. 
—Where Found and Limited Height.—Description and Uses of its 
Wood.—Its Common Characteristics.—-Large Aspen.—Its Advan- 
tages.—Uses and Properties of its Wood.—Downy-leaved Poplar. 
—Its Southern Nativity.—Attainable Height and Size.—Peculiari- 
ties of its Foliage.—Its Uselessness as Lumber.—The Balsam Pop- 
lar.—Where Found and its Uselessness.—The White Poplar.—Its 
Ornamental Value.—Its other Advantages.—Its Superior Qualities 
and Chief Uses—How Propagated and Attainable Height.Page 147 
CHAPTER XXXVII. 
CHERRY-TREES. 
Wild Black Cherry.—Its Native Range.—Preferred Use of its Wood. 
—Its Ornamental Character. —Its Productiveness. — Manner of 
Preserving and Sowing its Seed. —The Wild Red Cherry. —Its 
Attainable Height and Size—Its Qualities Contrasted with the 
Black Cherry.—Description and Qualities of its Wood.—Its Spon- 
taneous Growth.—Its Special Property.—The Wiid Cherry.—Its 
Medicinal Properties......... 0... cess cece eee eesee tense neeee 150 
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
THE WILLOWS. 
The White Willow.—Its Ornamental Value and Elevated Growth.— 
Manner of Growth and Usefulness.—Its Supposed Worthlessness 
the Result of Fraud.—Description of its Wood.—The Brittle Wil- 
low.—Its Height, Growth, Rarity, and Uses.—Weeping Willow.— 
Its Ornamental Advantages.—Places Favorable to its Growth.— 
Largest Specimens, Where Produced.—Grafting of the Kilmarnock 
and American Willow.—Shining Willow.—Its Exceeding Orna- 
ment.—Its Growth on Careful Culture.—Its Favorite Places of 
Growth.—How Recognized.—Peculiar Feature of its Leaves.. 152 
CHAPTER XXXIX. 
THE SPRUCES. 
White Spruce.—Its Attainable Height and Size.—Its Northern Nativ- 
ity. — Principal Uses of its Wood.—The Oil Extracted from its 
Branches.—The Black Spruce.—Atmosphere Favorable to its De- 
velopment.—Its Wild Luxuriance.—Description of its Cones. —Man- 
ner of Securing its Seed.—The Red and Blue Spruces.—Their Re- 
semblance to the White Spruce.—The Norway Spruce.—Its Height. 
—Peculiarities of its Growth.—Its Age of Maturity and Where Indig- 
enous.—Its Resinous Extract.—Uses of its Bark.—Importation of 
Young Trees to England and Uses to Which Put.—Durability of its 
Wood.—Effect of Soil on the Qualities of its Wood.—Its Gencral 
