68 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
Of the many varieties of the mountain ash, the small- 
fruited variety is indigenous to the whole range of the 
Alleghanies, and is distinctively distinguishable by the 
dark-brown gloss of its young branches and by its scarlet 
berries. 
Most of its varieties may be propagated by seed, which 
should be gathered as soon as ripe. Macerate in water 
before sowing, to separate the seeds from the pulp. Sow 
in beds of light, rich soil at two or three inches apart, 
and cover to the depth of half an inch. By the end of 
the first season the plants should average a height of 
eighteen inches. Separate and transplant the most 
thrifty to situations of permanency, after which their 
growth will be moderately rapid, and their attained 
height reach eight to ten feet at the end of the fifth 
year. 
The mountain ash is subject to the attacks of several 
species of borers, one of which is specially noticed as 
its enemy. by Browne in his “Trees of America.” This 
beetle varies in length from a little more than one half 
to three fourths of aninch. The upper side of the-body 
of the perfect insect is marked with two longitudinal 
white stripes between three others of a light-brown color, 
while the face, the antennz, the under side of the body, 
and the legs are white. It comes forth from the trunks 
of the trees early in June, making its escape in the night, 
during which time only it uses its ample wings in pass- 
ing from one tree to another in search of companions 
and of food. In the daytime it keeps at rest among the 
leaves of the plants on which it feeds. 
In the months of June and July the females deposit 
their eggs upon the bark of the trees, near the roots, and 
the larve or borers hatched from them consist of fleshy, 
whitish grubs, without legs, nearly cylindrical in their 
form, and tapering a little from the first ring to the end 
of the body. The head is small, horny, and of a brown- 
ish color. The first ring is much larger than the others, 
