KINDS OF TREES TO PLANT. 69 
the next two very short, and, like the first, are covered 
with punctures and very minute hairs. This grub with 
its strong jaws cuts a cylindrical passage through the 
bark, and pushes its castings backward out of the hole, 
while it bores upward into the wood. It continues in 
the larva state two or three years, during which it pene- 
trates eight or ten inches into the trunk of the tree, its 
burrow at the end approaching to and being covered 
only by the bark. It is in this situation that its trans- 
formation takes place, which is completed about the first 
of June, when the beetle gnaws through the bark that 
covers the end of the burrow, and comes out of its place 
of confinement in the night. One of the oldest, safest, 
and most successful modes of destroying this borer is to 
thrust a wire into the hole it has made, or, what would 
probably answer as well, to plug it up with soft wood. 
The apple-tree, as well as quince, June-berry, and various 
specimens of thorns and aronias, are attacked by the 
larve of this beetle. 
THE AMERICAN FLOWERING ASH. 
This tree is a native of North America, and attains 
the height of thirty or forty feet. It has an abundant 
and extensive foliage, and is. highly prized as an or- 
namental tree. Its general characteristics are so simi- 
lar to the manna ash of Europe that it has been sup- 
posed one of the same species. It blooms in April and 
May, and its flowers are distinguished from those of the 
common ash by having corollas. This tree yields a clear, 
liquid-like substance, which oozes from its trunk and limbs 
under the influence of a hot sun. This substance first 
resembles drops of honey, of a sweetish taste, accom- 
panied by a slight degree of bitterness, but granulates on 
exposure to the atmosphere. This variety of the ash is 
propagated from seed, by grafting or budding, and by 
cuttings and layers. 
