THE WALNUT. 73 
A fluid extract of the inner bark of the root of this 
tree is used in cases of dysentery, habitual constipation, 
and other bowel complaints, and as a gentle cathartic, 
operating without producing debilitating effects. The 
preparations of the butternut are much used in domestic 
practice for the ailments of children, especially in throat 
disease. 
THE ENGLISH WALNUT 
is largely cultivated in Europe, both for its timber and 
fruit. The black walnut is far superior, both as a shade- 
tree and for its timber. It would hardly pay to culti- 
vate the tree excepting for its fruit, which is always 
marketable. The blossoms are very apt to be nipped 
and destroyed by the spring frosts, and, like the black 
walnut, fruit-trees will not thrive near it. Its exhala- 
tions are so disagreeable that we have authentic cases 
on record where people have been seriously affected by 
sleeping in its shade. It is best propagated by grafting. 
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