CHAPTER XVI. 
THE ELMS. 
The White Elm.—Its Usefulness and Demand.—Growth and Attain- 
ment.—Elms, How Planted.—Additional Cropping of Area.—Re- 
sistance against Insects.—Its Use as a Shade-tree.—The Elm as De- 
scribed by Michaux.—Its Ancient and Modern Popularity.—Soil 
Suited to its Growth.—Effect of Crowded Planting on its Appear- 
ance. —Its Ornamental Usefulness. —The Corky White Elm. — 
Its Distinguishing Features. —Its Additional Name.— The Wa- 
hoo, or Winged Elm.—Its Distinguishing Growth and Scarcity. 
—Uses to which Put.—Its Medicinal Properties. —The Red Elm. 
—Its Relative Kindred.—Elevated Home.—Its Growth and Useful- 
ness.—Soil Suited to its Growth.—Durability of its Wood.—The 
Uses of Small Specimens.—Its Enemies and Objections. 
WHITE ELM. 
Tue white elm is a fine forest tree, and the demand 
for this wood is every year increasing as the old stock 
disappears. Plough-handles, cheese-boxes, chairs, and 
many manufactured articles are made from this wood. 
A field of white elms planted in Nebraska has done 
remarkably well. 
An avenue of these trees is unsurpassed for road 
shade. The growth is rapid, they have finely shaped 
heads, and are not easily damaged by insects or winds. 
Two elms near Omaha, planted in 1859, now measure 
forty and forty-two inches in circumference four feet 
from the ground. Some tall-growing tree may be plant- 
ed with them, and cut away at the end of ten years. 
Elms should be set out eight feet apart. A small tree, 
when the size of a small whip, was brought from Bel- 
gium thirty years ago, and now presents a rich and mag- 
nificent appearance, the trunk measuring two feet eight 
