208 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
small, blunt, curled leaves, clustered blossoms, and coarse 
fruit; the double-flowered Bigarade, prized for the pro- 
duction of deliciously fragrant double flowers; the bit- 
ter orange-tree, distinguished by its dark fruit, filled 
with bitter, sour pulp, and the myrtle-leaved Bigarade, 
suited for garden culture, owing to its showy floral and 
fruit productiveness. 
The orange-tree is cultivated in various soils, but 
flourishes best in a warm, fertile compost of sand and 
loam, with a prevailing atmosphere of 62° to 84° F. 
temperature. Upon the position and soil depend the 
thrift of the trees, and in order to insure this they should 
be sheltered from the disturbing influences of high or 
chilly winds; so, also, a uniform salubrity of air con- 
duces to a deliciously rich flavoring of the fruit, while 
excessively heated temperature tends to enlarge its rind 
and impair the quality of its pulp. 
It is propagated by cuttings, layers, and grafting. 
As the plants raised from seed do not readily bear fruit 
or bloom, they are usually propagated to increase va- 
riety and supply grafting stocks. 
The manner of raising these trees from cuttings in 
England, as described by Browne in his “ Trees of Amer- 
ica,” is as follows: “Take the youngest shoots, and also 
a quantity of the two-year-old shoots; these may be cut 
into lengths of from nine to eighteen inches. Take the 
leaves off the lower part of each cutting to the extent 
of about five inches, allowing the leaves above to re- 
main untouched; then cut right across, under an eye, 
and make a small incision in an angular direction on the 
bottom of the cutting. When the cuttings are thus pre- 
pared, take a pot and fill it with sand; size the cuttings, 
so that the short ones may be all together, and those 
that are taller in a different pot. Then, with a small 
dibble, plant them about five inches deep in the sand, 
and give them a good watering from above, to settle the 
sand about them. Let them stand a day or two ina 
