220 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
forest-trees. It differs from 
the foregoing by the fitting 
of the bud to the stock in- 
stead of inserting it under 
the bark ; and has the advan- 
tage of being successfully per- 
formed in the early spring, or 
as soon as the bark can be 
detached from the tree. The 
bud is separated from its tree 
by a circular cut, extending 
completely round the stem 
or branch, and a similar dis- 
placement of bark, of the 
same circuit and height, is 
made in the stock so as to 
admit of the bud and its ap- 
pended parts fitting exactly 
into it. This necessitates that 
the size of the branch from 
which the bud is taken and that of the stock to which it 
is to be affixed be equal, or nearly so. A similar treat- 
ment is required for this as for the method of inserted 
buds; but the result of the season’s growth will be more 
apparent in this than in the latter, owing to the advan- 
tage derived from the more extended time for its union 
with the stock. 
GRAFTING. 
The grafting methods have been long practised and 
are at present the most commonly used in propagating 
trees, especially fruit-bearing varieties. Though of old 
origin, yet they would seem to be not generally under- 
stood. They are, however, a necessary acquirement for 
persons interested in the production of variety, or in the 
preserving of a particular species. 
There are three modes in common practice at present, 
the splice, cleft, and saddle graft, each approved and 
advocated upon its own particular merits. 
