222 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
hand; after which, to exclude air and rain, around the 
outside, to above and below the points of union of the 
stock and scion, should be smeared grafting-wax or other 
compost. 
In saddle-grafting the stock (a) is cut so as to bring 
its head to the form of a wedge, 
eS and the scion (6) at its lower end 
LEE 7] is similarly treated by being cut 
' 
to the same angle, though in a 
reversed direction, so as to ad- 
mit of its being placed upon the 
stock with its bark in exact con- 
tact with that of the stock. This 
method is employed when the 
scion is of moderate size. The 
Tg 
V6 necessary precaution of binding 
ve [: and protecting the graft is the 
4 } same in this as in the foregoing. 
ol iP : Cleft-grafting is the simplest 
and easiest of execution, and a 
mode which is principally employed when the stock ex- 
ceeds the graft in size. In the case of a seedling being 
the stock upon which to graft, itis cut 
square across, at the height of two or 
more feet from the surface of the 
ground, and a cleft made in its head 
into which a scion or graft (6), formed 
to the shape of a wedge of one or two 
inches in length, is inserted. The 
same operation of cutting back is also 
necessary on a branch being used as 
stock, but in both instances, if it is 
possible, the seedling or branch might 
be so accommodatingly cut as to bring 
the breadth of the graft and the width 
of the stock-head of equal dimensions, 
that the inside of the bark of each on w¥44 5 pr 
