ON PLANTING. 229 
in clearing of forest-lands the neglected elms furnish in- 
numerable seeds that reproduce an abundant succession 
of verdure among the stumps of other trees. There are 
also a great number of self-sown plants of other species 
from previous years’ seeding that may have been kept 
in abeyance for a greater or less period by the original 
forest, which now, opened to the air and light, will enter 
the struggle for life and contest the ground inch by inch 
with the new seedlings. Hence the mixed character of 
the second growth of trees, and the ultimate result gen- 
erally shows which were the fittest and hardiest. Those 
of most vigorous, thrifty growth, and notably those with 
broadest foliage, usually prevail by overshadowing those 
of more tardy progress. It should also always be borne 
in mind that some trees are obnoxious to the healthful 
growth of some others, and perhaps this is nowhere 
more apparent than in the case of broad-leaved trees, 
and those with needle-shaped leaves, commonly known 
as evergreens. The overshadowing by the former is de- 
structive of the latter. Successful forestry is based upon 
their separate planting; or, if placed in the same sub- 
division of the forest, either for the effect of contrast or 
because of peculiar adaptation to the soil, each should 
be massed by itself as much as possible—evergreens with 
evergreens, and deciduous trees with those of their own 
class; and in both cases those which are not obnoxious 
to one another. Observe in combinations of species which 
of them have a similar or an unequal rate of growth in 
their infancy, so that the stalwarts shall not smother 
the weaklings that may be most valuable and desirable 
in the end. These are important considerations that 
will require a knowledge of the character of each, and, 
as this may not always be possessed by the tree-planter, 
he will be required to exercise constant watchfulness 
and observation of their behavior. 
“Tn planting for shelter use any or some of the many 
trees at your command, and plant them where they will 
