236 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
chestnuts, beeches, and many other desirable species, may 
all be economically grown by the aid of the cheap nurse- 
trees in the manner recommended for the walnut. 
“Some persons have thought the recommendation to 
plant trees at every four feet, or even more closely, was 
a waste of good material. It is not so, but a gain rather 
than a loss always follows from the close setting of the 
trees. The first cost of most of the stocks planted is 
a small matter compared to the labor of cultivation, to 
say nothing of the improved shape of the young trees 
and the economy that follows in the matter of cultiva- 
tion. Therefore, to produce a tall and healthy growth 
of trunk on trees, whether planted on hill-side, in valley, 
or on open plain, be assured that, after a judicious selec- 
tion of the species best adapted to soil and situation, 
they should be planted very thickly, say. every four feet, 
or about three thousand trees to the acre, and the hap- 
piest results with the least expenditure of labor may be 
anticipated.” 
RAPIDITY OF GROWTH OF HARDY TREES. 
“ The following varieties, all things considered, are the 
best for general cultivation in the northwest: Cotton- 
wood, soft maple, silver poplar, black cherry, ash-leaved 
maple, catalpa, black walnut, and white walnut. R. C. 
Raymond, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, states that the fol- 
lowing-named varieties, planted when one foot in height, 
attain the following diameters and heights when ten 
years of age: 
Diameter, Inches. Height, Feet. 
Cottonwood..............000.08. 9 35 
Soft maple..............-.. 20.0 8 30 
Silver poplar.................... 9 30 
Black cherety so0:.5 .6<¢ceese qa e005 6 28 
Ash-leaved maple................ 54 27 
Catalpas aanoneawaxdasieaas eee c 6 25 
Black walnut..................0. 5 20 
Buttérmut oes.2scc5 secie nascrroccaweers 5 20 
