242 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
gency is the placing of stakes close to the tree-stem, 
where they are lashed, their stability being relied upon 
to keep the tree from being so shaken as to cause any 
motion of its roots till they have taken firm hold in 
the ground. Another method in use is the staying of 
the stem by means of four lengths of wire which are 
made fast to it at a convenient height from the ground, 
and extended downward and outward till they reach 
the surface, where their ends are wound round pegs 
driven firmly, so as to keep the wire in a state of tension 
and the tree in an upright position in the centre of the 
circle so formed. 
“Roots of large trees, when placed in ground without 
pruning, are extended as nearly as possible conformable 
to their natural repose, and in this position are bound 
down by means of forked pegs. By the adoption of this 
plan a great deal of the necessity of outside supports, 
or stays, is lessened, as the pegs hold the roots so firmly 
that no danger of their displacement need be anticipated.” 
