248 TREES AND TREE-PLANTING. 
Arsor-vira (Thuja Occidentalis). The leaves or small 
twigs of this tree are the part used. This drug possesses, 
to a certain degree, antiperiodic properties, and it has 
also been used as a remedy in coughs and rheumatism. 
Within a few years arbor-vite has been recommended 
on the authority of gentlemen of high standing in the 
medical profession as a remedy in cancer. Dr. J. R. 
Leaming, of New York City, has spoken of it in a man- 
ner which furnishes grounds for no very inconsiderable 
hope from it in this disease; and Dr. J. B. Rice, of Fre- 
mont, Ohio, reports a remarkable cure from its use in 
the Michigan Medical News, of Detroit, Michigan. The 
position of both of these gentlemen in the profession de- 
mands for this article a further and thorough test of the 
claims which they make for it. 
Avranti (Orange). A native of China and India, the 
orange was thence introduced into Europe, and after- 
wards transplanted to America during the early history 
of the country. Various parts of the tree are used in 
medicine. The leaves, which are bitter and aromatic, 
are in some places employed, in the form of an infusion, 
as a gently stimulating diaphoretic; but the rind of the 
fruit is the part of most value in medicine. There are 
two varieties, the bitter and the sweet. The bitter is a 
mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic; while the sweet 
is simply aromatic. Neither is much used by itself, but 
enter quite largely as correctives into various tonic com- 
pounds. 
Bervra tenta (Sweet Birch). This tree is also vari- 
ously known as black birch, cherry birch, and mountain 
mahogany. It is remarkable for the aromatic flavor of 
its bark and leaves, which, in the form of an infusion, 
are an agreeable and gently stimulating diaphoretic. It 
yields an oil which analysis has shown to be identical 
with the oil of wintergreen. 
Brack Haw ( Viburnum prunifolium). This tree-like 
shrub is conspicuous for the beauty of its foliage and 
