256 
Pruning trees, directions for, 223- 
Rainfall — distribution identical 
with forests, 44; increase in 
Kansas and Nebraska, 14; in- 
crease in Lower Egypt, 13; in 
forests exceeds that of cleared 
land, 57; observation of, 48, 44. 
Red-bud tree or shrub, 144, 
Reservations for timber, 16. 
Retreat, beauty of forest, 38-40. 
Rivers diminish where timber is 
cut off, 13. 
Russia, destruction of forests in, 
» 
aay districts, logs rafted out 
of, 18. 
Santa Cruz, results of forest de- 
struction in, 13. 
Sap, experiments on flow of, 47-53. 
Saw-mills—destroy forests,2; forty 
cutting redwood, 26; Murphy’s, 
20-24. 
Saws, one firm run two hundred, 2. 
Seedlings, transplanting, 237-239. 
Seeds — number of, to a pound, 
ae raising trees from, 211- 
Shelter - belts — climatic influence 
of, 54-62; effect on corn-crops, 
59-61. 
Shittim wood, 35. : 
Sierras, lumbermen on, 19. 
Soap-plant, 82. 
Soil, moisture of, in woods, 12. 
Speculators buy up timber-land, 2. 
Spruce - trees — balsam fir, 157; 
black, 155; Fraser’s fir, 157; 
hemlock, 156; Norway, 155; red 
and blue, 155; white, 154. 
States, right of protecting forests 
should be left to, 5, 15. 
Stock should not be allowed to 
run at large, 29. 
Tara, 31. 
‘Three Sisters, The,” 28. 
Timber—great consumption of, in 
railroad ties and fences, 9; old- 
est in America, 35, 36; oldest in 
the world, 35; want of, felt in 
older states, 4,6; waste of, 1, 2. 
INDEX. 
Timber-land, government indiffer- 
ent to denudation of, 6. 
Timber-trees, list of valuable, 169. 
Time required for growth of a 
tree, 1. 
Transplanting —large trees, 240- 
242; seedlings, 237-239. 
Treeless lands, 2, 3. 
“Treaty Elm,” 82. 
Trees—Ailanthus, or tree of heav- 
ep, 131. Apple, common, 202- 
204. American arbor vite, 160. 
Ash, American flowering, 69; 
black, 66; blue, 65; European, 
67; green, 67; mountain, 67-69; 
red,66; white,64. Aspen, Amer- 
ican, 148; large, 148. Banyan, 
80, 31. Baobab of Africa, 28. 
Birch, black, 96; canoe, 96; red, 
96; white, 96; yellow, 96. Black 
gum, 137. Bow-wood, or osage 
orange, 129,130. Box,164. Box- 
elder, 98, 94. Buckeye, edible, 
135; horse-chestnut, 182; Ohio, 
134; red,184; sweet,134. Buck- 
thorn, 187. Buffalo berry, 118. 
Butternut, 72. Buttonwood, or 
plane, 147. ‘‘Castagna di Cento 
Cavalla,” 29. Catalpa, 141. Ce- 
dar, red,108; white,108. ‘‘ Char- 
ter Oak,” 31. Cherry, wild black, 
150; wildred,151. Chestnut, 29, 
90; chincapin, 91,92. Cocoanut, 
81. Conifers, 27. Cucumber, 
118; yellow, 119. Cypress, 29; 
deciduous, 158. Dogwood, Cor- 
nel,124; Jamaica,124-126. Him, 
32; red, 84; wahoo, or winged, 
83, 84; white, 82, 838. Eucalyp- 
tus, or fever, 171-178. Fig, 32. 
Fir, balsam, 157; Fraser’s, 157; 
great red,5. Fringe, 145. Gold- 
en Orange, 205-209. Gordonia, 
pubescent - leaved, 190; woolly 
flowered, 189. Hackberry, 142. 
Hickory, butternut, 100; mocker 
nut, 99; pecan nut, 99; pignut, 
98,99; shellbark, 98; thick shell- 
bark, 98. Holly, 165. Horse- 
chestnut, 133. Iron-wood, 146. 
Japan Sophora, 118. ‘ Jonesia 
Asika,” 33.  Juneberry, 139. 
J uniper, 109. Larch, black, or 
tamarisk, 114; European, 115- 
