;8 



OUTLINES OF PLANT LIFE. 



Fig. 64. 



Fig. 63. Fig. 65. . 



Fig. 63. —A shoot of Scotch pine showing two regions of dwarf branches each with a 

 pair of needle leaves, and three regions of flower branches ; the flowers have fallen 

 from lower two, showing scale leaves covering the stem. Natural size.^ — After Will- 

 komm. 



Fig. 64. — The base of leaves and dwarf branch of Scotch pine cut through the center 

 lengthwise. Besides the two needle leaves the dwarf branch carries a number of 

 scale leaves, d. Between the bases of the needle leaves is seen the conical apex of the 

 dwarf branch, showing their lateral origin. Magnified about 4 diam.— After Luerssen. 



Fig. 65. — Twig of apple, bearing fruit spurs. A, points at which fruit was detached 

 the preceding year; W^ leaf scars. Natural size.— After Hardy. 



