VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION. 



191 



tip into a single spore, so that the main branch appears to 

 carry two to eight spores upon slender stalks (fig. 143). 



Fig. 142. Fig. 143. 



Fig. 142.— An outline showing the formation of a spore-chain of the blue-green mold 

 {PeniciUium g'/aucUTn). li, branch of spore-bearing: hypha, budding beneath two 

 older spores. Across the narrow neck a partition wall is formed, tlie'spores round off, 

 and from this wall a device, c, for loosening the spores is developed. The terminal 

 spore is oldest. Highly magnified.— After Frank. 



Fig. 143.— Longitudinal- section through the edge of a gill of a mushroom iCoprinus) 

 after spore-formation is'tompleted. t, interwoven hyphae of the gill, branching to 

 form ihe spore bed, composed of sterile branches, /, swohen branches, c, arid spore- 

 bearing branches, b. The latter give rise to four slender branches, whose tips enlarge 

 to form each a single spore. / and c do not produce spores. Magnified 300 diam. — 

 After Brefeld. 



270. Fructifications. — In the higher fungi whose my- 

 celium is developed within a dead substratum many hyphae 

 are aggregated to constitute a reproductive structure or fruc- 

 tification, which is the only conspicuous part of the fungus. 

 (For an account of the vegetative parts, see W 43, 47). 



The body of the fructification is made up of hyphae, more 

 or less interlaced and adherent, and is of a form adapted 

 not only to break through the substratum, but also to 

 furnish an extensive surface for the spore-beds (fig. 143). 



The fructification may be irregularly lobed, sessile and 

 gelatinous, or much branched and cylindrical or flattened ; 

 the shapes being- adapted in various ways to form an exten- 

 sive surface on which spores may be formed (figs. 144, 145). 



