VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION. 



215 



at intervals, so that they easily break there. When broken 

 off by an accident, the piece rolls away, takes root from the 

 under side, and sends up shoots from the upper. 



Advantage is taken of this power of several parts to form 

 adventitious roots and shoots in the artificial propagation of 



Fig. 183 . — Formation of runners in the strawberry, a, the mother plant ; b, young plant 

 formed at tip of first runner ; c, plantlet at tip of second ; a third has put out from c. 

 Slightly reduced. — After Seubert. 



domestic plants. Suitable portions of shoots or leaves for 

 the development of new plants under proper conditions are 

 called cuttings, scions, or " buds." They may generally be 

 grown in water or soil ; or they may be securely fastened in 

 a slit or wound in another plant. The latter process is 

 known as grafting or budding, according to the form of the 

 implanted part. Indeed brood buds in general may be 

 looked upon as natural cuttings or scions. 



303. Summary. — Vegetative reproduction is usually ac- 

 complished by the formation of small bodies which at matu- 

 rity separate from the parent and grow into new plants. In 

 the simplest plants the process consists of a separation of the 



