222 



OUTLINES OF PLANT LIFE. 



in the almond, walnut, and hickory nut. The outer part in 

 the last even breaks regularly into four pieces. Such fruits 



Fig, igo. — A , capsule of violet split open at maturity, the_ seeds stilly attached to the 

 placenta. B^ three pods of Lotus comiculatus : a, just beginning to crack ; t>, 

 split throughout, with the pieces somewhat twisted ; c, empty of seeds, the two pieces 

 fully dried and twisted. Natural size. — After Baillon. 



furnish a transition from the most perfect fleshy fruits to the 

 dry fruits. In other cases the placentas become very much 

 enlarged, and the whole of the pericarp 

 becomes fleshy, as in the tomato. In 

 others the outer part of the pericarp is hard 

 and firm, while the inner becomes pulpy, 

 as in the pumpkin and squash. 



309. Accessory fruits.— Parts adjacent 

 to the carpels, either flower leaves or axis 

 or both, stimulated to growth, frequently 



Fig. 191.— Ripe capsule . ° , 



ofpimperneii(^««^>i/- enter luto the formation of fleshy fruits. 



Its arvensts), opening 



by a lid. Magnified These may be accompanied by either a 



several diam. — After „ ^ 



Baillon. fleshy or a dry pericarp. In the winter- 



green berry the calyx grows thick and fleshy and surrounds a 

 dry pericarp, which cracks at maturity (fig. 193). 



