288 APPENDIX. 



When conjugating it often loses the deep green and becomes 

 yellowish, and the filaments seem to be double. 



This condition can be recognized under the lens. Sfirogyra 

 may often be obtained all through the year in pools and springs. 

 It should be preserved in the following solution: Camphor water 

 50 cc. ; water 50 cc; glacial acetic acid 0.5 cc; copper nitrate 

 2 gm.; copper chloride 2 gm. 



Cladophora. — Species of this genus may be found attached to 

 sticks and stones at the edge of lakes or pools, It often covers 

 these completely with a thick mat of long, yellowish green, 

 branched filaments. It may be found throughout the growing 

 season. For winter use preserve in same solution as above. 



Folysiphonia. — All species are marine, and any common species 

 will serve. They are found in reddish brown, feathery tufts 2- 

 10 cm. high, on other larger sea-weeds, or on piles and stones, 

 about low-water mark. They collapse completely when with- 

 drawn from the water. 



The plants should be fixed in one percent, chromic acid (or in a 

 saturated solution of picric acid in sea-water) for 12-24 hours, 

 washed in sea-water as described for Chara, and hardened in 40, 

 60 and 80 per cent, alcohol successively, remaining in each 6- 

 24 hours. They may be preserved in the latter. They may also 

 be preserved in formalin. 



Facus. — All species are marine and any one will serve. The 

 commonest is Fucus vesiculosus (fig. 42), which may be found on 

 rocks between tide marks. It is of olive-brown color, with 

 swollen tips to many of the branches, and bladders in pairs along 

 the thallus. Plants may be obtained fresh at almost any season. 

 Various species of brown sea-weed may be found fresh at the 

 fish stores of all large cities, whither they are sent as packing. 



Mucor or Bhizopus. — Saturate a piece of bread with water and 

 keep it under a bell jar, in a warm place, for a few days. 

 Several species of molds will appear, the most common of which 

 is the black mold, Rhizopus nigricans. This may be recognized 

 by its white fluffy mycelium, on which arise tufts of erect hyphae 

 developing at tips spherical sporangia, at first white, later black. 

 These tufts occur at intervals along a stolon-like hypha. The 

 same mold may be found on rotting vegetables and fruits, 

 especially sweet potatoes and lemons, and may be raised more 

 rapidly on bread by sowing spores. It will be followed by the 

 green mold, Penicillium glaucum, and often later by other 



