184 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Genus 2. — Lipaeis, Artedi. 



Cyclogaster, Gronov. 



Branchiostegals five or six : psmidobrancMcB, if present, rtcdtmenfary. Body 

 anteriorly sub cylindrical, posteriorly compressed, the whole heing enveloped in a 

 loose, movahle skin. A bony process proceeds fro'm the infraorhital ring of hones 

 and passes bachivards to the edge of the preopercle. Cleft of mouth almost horizontal. 

 A wide, rasp-like, band of teeth in both jaws, none on the palate nor on the 

 tongue. Gill-openings narrow, the gill membranes united and attached to the 

 isthmus. A single dorsal fin, the anterior rays of which, though not artic^ilated, 

 are flexible : venti-als united, and forming a more or less circular adhesive disc. 

 Gcecal appendages in moderate numbers or numerotts. 



Gill remarks (Proo. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1864, p. 190) that among the species 

 form.ing this genus considerable variation exists, especially in the relations of 

 the dorsal and anal fins to the caudal, these fins heing, in some species, completely- 

 isolated, while in others they are coalescent, and united in an almost angnilliform 

 posterior fin. In the latter, the nostrils also appear to be simple, while in the former 

 the posterior ones are tubular. These diiierences appear still further to be 

 coincident with a disparity in the number of caudal vertebrEe, and of the rays of 

 the vertical fins. 



Geographical distribution. — These small littoral species occasionally ascend 

 into fresh waters, and extend from the Arctic Ocean southwards into temperate 

 regions : one species being found even within the tropics. Two British species 

 are admitted, but it seems possible tbat the one known as Liparis Montagui is the 

 commonest, and not i. vulgaris, unless in the more northern latitudes. Neither is 

 L. Montagui, although termed the diminutive sucker, so much less in size than the 

 " unctuous sucker." Unless in colour, the differences between the two are but 

 slight. 



1. Liparis vulgaris, Plate LVI, fig. 1. 



Sea snail, Willughhy, Ich. Append, p. 17 ; Low, Nat. Hist. Orkneys, p. 178; 

 Petiver, Gazoph. t. li, f. 6. Liparis nostras, Will. Appendix, p. 17, t. H 6, f . 1 ; 

 Eay, p. 74. Gobio, sp. Kolr. Nov. Comm. Petroph. ix, p. 439, t. ix, f. 5, 6. 

 Cycloijiixter, sp. Gronov. Zooph. No. 198, Act. Helv. iv, p. 265, No. 165, t. xiii. 

 Liparis, sp. Bl. Schn. p. 569. Unctuous sucher, Penn. Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, 

 p. 135, pi. xxi (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 179, pi. xxiv. 



Gyclopiterus liparis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 414 ; Bonn. Atl. Ich. p. 27, pi. xx. 

 f. 67 ; Bl. t. 123, f. 3, 4; Gmel. Linn. p. 1477; Lacep. ii, p. 69; Donovan, Brit. 

 Pish, ii, pi. xlvii ; Turton, p. 115 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Club. 1838, i, p. 174 ; 

 Schleg. Dieren Neder. p. 60, pi. vi, f. 2. 



Liparis vulgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 190 ; Tarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) ii, p. 274, 

 c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 371 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 349 ; Nilss. Skan. Faun. p. 237; Flem. Brit. 

 An. p. 190; Jenyns, Brit. "Vert, p.- 472; Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, ii, p. 534; Parnell, 

 Wern. Mem. vii, p. 383, and Fishes Firth of Forth, p. 223 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. 

 Ireland, iv, p. 221; White, Catal. Pish. p. 109; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 159 and 

 Ann, and Mag. Nat.' Hist. (4) 1874, xiii, p. 139 ; Mcintosh, Pish. N. Uist. P. R. S. 

 of Edin. V. 1862-66, p. 614, and Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 176 ; H. Malmgren, Spets. 

 Fisk Fauna, p. 510 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 363 ; Winther, Prod. Ich. Dan. 

 Mar. 1879, p. 20. 



Liparis communis, Sabine, Appen. Parry's first Voy. p. 212. 



Liparis barbatus, Ekst. Vet. Ak. Hand. 1832, p. 168, t. v, and Fisk. Scheer. 

 Morko, p. 112, t. v; Nilss. Skan. Faun. Fisk. p. 237 ; Kroyer, ii, p. 634. 



Liparis opJiidoiiles, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 339. 



Cijrlogaster liparis, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 40. 



Liparis lineattvi, Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 65. 



