44 FORESTRY OF NORWAY. 
stretch on all sides more than 10 metres, or 43 feet from 
the trunk. Besides the wood being used in carpentry, and 
as firewood, the external white bark is employed in the 
manufacture of a great many articles, and for roofing, 
being then covered with earth or turf. 
This tree, and especially the form with long pendant 
branches, is the ornament of the valleys of Norway ; 
certain specimens in isolated groups having acquired by 
their beauty a widespread fame, and are protected not only 
by the proprietors, but by the whole population of the 
valley, who are proud of them. They have generally par- 
ticular surnames, borrowed ordinarily from the property to 
which they belong; one famous specimen is the Holsbirk, 
so called from the nature of the estate, Hols, Rennebu, in 
Orkedal, in the prefect of Sondre-Drontheim, 62° 58’ N.; 
the height of it is 25 metres, 83 feet 4 inches ; the diameter 
is 1:09 metres, or 3 feet 4 inches, at 1°5 metres, 5 feet from 
the ground. 
The willow of Norway, Salix caprea, known in Britain 
as the great round-leaved willow, is very much diffused 
over the forest regions of Norway, and even beyond the 
elevation above the level of the sea attained by the fir 
and the pine; and, as intimated, it may be seen to flourish 
in higher latitudes, or at least as far north as either of 
these trees. It grows at Hammerfest, 70° 37’ N., but only 
as a shrub or bush; and the allied tree, the aspen, Populus 
tremula, is likewise spread over the whole of Norway. In 
the south part of the country it may be met with, but in a 
dwarfed condition, at an altitude of 900 metres above the 
level of the sea. In the lower-lying country it attains a 
height of 30 metres, and even at Atlen, 70° N., in Fin- 
mark, it may attain to 18 metres, or 60 feet. Of Osiers, 
there are in Norway about 20 wild species, the greater part 
of them taking the form of bushes. They grow to a great 
altitude on the mountains, principally on moist slopes. 
In southern Norway, on spots a little sheltered, they may 
be found 1500 metres above the sea level, 
