60 FORESTRY oF NORWAY. 
lower lying regions of the south. In the midst of hazels, 
elms, limes, and other broad-leaved trees, one often meets 
with a rich boreal flora, and this equally with the former 
has a uniform character. A group which approximates 
the boreal flora, but which is very distinct in its develop- 
ment, is the sub-boreal flora, In all the lowest lying parts 
of eastern Norway there is found from the level of the 
sea to an altitude of from 300 to 500 metres, and princi- 
pally on the calcareous and dry schistose mountains of 
the Silurian formation, numerous species of plants which 
are neither met with in the higher regions nor on the 
west sides of the mountains. 
‘Further, the Norwegian flora has three other distinct 
groups of plants which depend on the humidity and on 
the ‘climate of the coast. One of these, the Sub-Artie, is 
developed in the shady valleys there, and on the mountain 
expanses, kept moist by the melting of the névés. There 
prevail the Archangelica officinalis, the Mulgedium alpinum, 
the Aconitum septentrionale, the Ranunculus aconitifolius, 
the Valeriana sambusifolia, the Struthiopteris germanica, and. 
many other plants. These have no dread of the coast. 
‘ The second, the Atlantic group, seeks by preference the 
humid districts of the littoral of Bergen. It comprises— 
the lex, the Digitalis, the Erica cinerea, the Bunium flecuosum, 
the Hymenophyllum Wilsont, the Hyperichum palchrum, the 
Polystichum oriopteris, and many others. 
‘The third, the Sub-Atlantic group, affects by perference 
the lowest lying districts and the most southern of the 
diocese of Christiansand. It comprises the Gentiana 
pneumonanthe, the Sanguisorba officinalis, the Petasites alba, 
the Teucirum scorodonia. 
‘The Norwegian flora, it thus appears, is composed of 
many groups of plants, each of which group is composed 
of species which have a somewhat, and pretty striking 
analogous development. But the species constituting these 
groups are never met with intermixed ; and one may find in 
the same district, for example, near Christiania, which has 
a flora very rich in these representatives of the greater. 
