Benevolence. 227 
feebly than in ourselves, lie at the foundation of the moral 
sense, whose varied manifestations consist mainly of ex- 
tended and diversified forms of the principle of sympathy. 
The dog, having for so long enjoyed the advantage of 
association with the most social of all animals—man—in 
whom the social instincts have given rise to the most highly 
developed moral instincts, has had opportunities such as no 
other community could have afforded of being brought under 
the influence of everything we understand by the moral 
sense. Hence his great superiority, in this respect, to the 
members of all other animal communities, however strong 
may be the bond of social union between them. 
It would not be easy to find a more convincing instance 
of benevolence than the following, communicated to me 
by my friend, Mrs. 8. D. Delmard, a careful and critical 
observer of animals: “Some years ago, when living in Switzer- 
land, I had two female dogs, Lionne, a St. Bernard, and 
Lulu, a little Pomeranian that I had brought from Wurtem- 
burg. Lionne, like most of her breed, was lazy, easy 
tempered, and rather stupid; while Lulu was the most ex- 
citable, jealous, intelligent, and, to her own kind, exasperating 
dog I ever knew. Lionne was Lulu’s especial aversion. The 
very sound of her footsteps made Lulu almost frantic, while 
a meeting between the two, notwithstanding the forbear- 
ance of Lionne, was almost sure to terminate in a quarrel. 
Both presented us with their first litter of puppies in the 
course of the same night—Lulu making her bed on our 
large balcony; and Lionne, doubtless from a desire to be away 
from wars and rumours of wars at such a time, established 
herself in a large old kennel she had discovered, in a field 
at the back of the farm buildings belonging to the house we 
occupied. Of Lionne’s thirteen puppies, nine were drowned ; 
but Lulu’s less numerous family of seven were all spared, 
because they were of pure breed, which the others were 
not. To our sorrow, however, it soon became evident that 
their little mother had not sufficient milk for them, while 
Q2 
