Fossil Carntvora. : 239 
Urside, Hyenide, Viverride, Mustelide, and the extinct 
Hyenodontide. Mr. Lyddeker considers the relationship of 
the bears and dogs to be so close as to render their separa- 
tion unnecessary, at least for paleontological classification, 
and he, therefore, includes them in the Urside. With 
respect to the cradle of the hyznas, he inclines to the 
opinion that. it was Asia rather than Africa. These Siwalik 
Hills furnish two species of Machairodus (the sabre-toothed 
lion, or tiger), which also had a wide European range, and 
survived at all events to paleolithic times. From a con- 
sideration of these extinct Asiatic carnivorous types, and 
comparing them with some still remaining in the same 
area, some of these ancient forms would appear to have 
survived in India long after they became extinct elsewhere. 
These Siwalik fossils occur in conglomerates of fresh water 
origin, generally speaking of Pleiocene age, and associated 
with them are the remains of an immense herbivorous fauna, 
both proboscidean, cervine, bovine, and suine, affording food 
for their numerous and powerful predatory contemporaries. 
Other early extinct genera of Tertiary age are Deinocyon, 
Arctocyon, Amphicyon, Simocyon, Hemicyon, Cynodon, and 
Cynodictis, mainly of canine type; and Hyenodon, Ailuropsis, 
Ailurogale, and Pterodon, allied to the feline families—some 
even presenting marsupial characters in their dentition, and 
otherwise suggesting affinities with that peculiar and special- 
ised order. 
Some extimct species were far more formidable than any 
now surviving. A remarkable and aberrant form is the genus 
Machairodus, or Drepanodon, which ranged from India through 
Italy, France, England, the Pampas of South America, and 
Brazil. This powerful lion (or tiger) carried in the upper 
jaw a pair of blade-like canines, from 4in. to 6in. or more in 
length, serrated along their inner edges. The extraordinary 
length of these teeth suggests the question whether the gape 
of the jaw would be wide enough to enable their owner to 
take in anything of large size, for there would be but a few 
