PHENOMENA OF INHERITANCE 207 



very high or low grades of intellect and 

 virtues may be traced through the royal fami- 

 lies of Europe for several generations. 



The general tendency of recent work on 

 heredity is unmistakable, whether it concerns 

 man or lower animals. The entire organism, 

 consisting of structures and fxmctions, body 

 and mind, develops out of the germ, and the 

 organization of the germ determines all the 

 possibilities of development of the mind no 

 less than of the body, though the actual reali- 

 zation of any possibihty is dependent also upon 

 environmental stimuli. 



II. Hereditary Differences 

 There are many limitations or exceptions 

 to the general rule that children resemble their 

 parents. Sometimes these differences are due 

 to new combinations of ancestral characters, 

 sometimes they are actually new characters 

 not present so far as loiown in any of the an- 

 cestors, though even such new characters must 

 arise from new combinations of the elements 

 of old characters, as we shall see later. 



1. New Combinations of Characters. — In 

 aU cases of sexually produced organisms new 



