AND HIS DISEASES. 121 



when general oozing occurs, or an artery or vein of more or 

 less importance may be divide^, usually the result of injury 

 or in consequence of operation. 



Symptoms. — When no particulaf stream is distinguishable, 

 no vessel of importance is involved. When an artery is open, 

 the blood- is poured forth in a copious stream, which is easily 

 recognised by its bright scarlet colour and jerking or pulsat- 

 ing flow. When from a vein it is darker in colour and 

 escapes in a steady jet. 



Treatment. — ^When it merely oozes out it soon stops of 

 itself, or by the continued application of cold water, or any 

 styptic, such as muriate of iron, tincture of benzoin, sugar of 

 lead, &c. When an artery of considerable magnitude is 

 severed, it should be taken up and a silk thread applied, the 

 bleeding being stopped by pressure above until it is secured. 

 Sometimes it is difficult to reach, and almost impossible to 

 tie, from its position and restlessness of the animal, as we 

 have often seen it from deep treads with sharp caulkins. 

 In this case pressure must be applied to the artery above, 

 and the open vessel touched with the cautery, or bound up^ 

 with some styptic dressing. 



, When a vein is exit it should be secured in the same way; 

 but often in -the legs the' skin and vein are merely punctured. 

 In this case it should be secured (as in bleeding) with a pin. 

 In stopping haemorrhage from a vein, the pressure must be 

 applied below, as the flow of blood is upward. In most 

 cases, however, it is more alarming than dangerous. Copious 

 and continued afi'usion with cold water wfil usually suffice to 

 stop it, or the vessels contract of themselves. 



ANEUEISM. 



By the term aneurism is meant, " A pulsating tumour, 

 arising from a dilated, ruptured, or wounded artery, and 



