134 THE CANADIAN HOESE 



is necessary to trephine the bone. After operating, inject 

 the sinus with tepid water twice or thrice a-day, followed 

 by injecting any of the astringents already recommended. 

 The opened sinus sometimes fills up with a fungus growth, 

 which must either be removed by the knife or by means of 

 caustics. We have operated on several cases in Toronto 

 and surrounding district within the past four years, and 

 generally with the best results. 



EPISTAXIS, 



or bleeding from the nose, occurs occasionally in horses, and 

 may result from injury, as a blow over the nasal or frontal 

 bones ; or it may be caused by a plethoric condition of the 

 system, or of a congested state of the vessels of the nasal 

 septum. Horses most liable to hsemorrhage are those in 

 high condition, and not allowed regular exercise. When 

 the bleeding is confined to the nose it is invariably from 

 one nostril, and may either come away drop by drop or 

 in a small stream. When the bleeding takes place suddenly 

 after violent exercise, and when flowing freely from both 

 nostrils, ihe lesion is generally situated in the lungs. This 

 is called haemoptisis, which is a more serious affection than 

 epistaxis, and sets up a greater irritation, causing the animal 

 to cough violently. 



Treatment. — When the bleeding is but slight and confined 

 to the nose, rest and moderate feeding will sufiice. If the 

 haemorrhage is such as to create alarm, apply cold water 

 freely to the head, and when only from one nostril, a plug 

 of tow saturated with a solution of alum may be inserted. 

 When from th^J^ingSj^the horse should be kept perfectly 

 quiet and sparmglyfed, and t^ej|;Cetatejof_ lead given inter- 

 nally in two. drachm doses once a-day, dissolved in distilled 



water. ■■'^■■^■-"^■■'•~^—-~-~<^-.- --- 



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