MORPHOLOGY, GENETICS AND BREEDING 79 



Hull measured the rest period in peanut seeds in terms of average 

 time to emergence with seeds planted as soon as possible after harvest. In 

 the Spanish and Valencia groups this time ranged from 9 to 50 days, 

 while in the more dormant group which includes runners, A. namby- 

 quarae, and A. Rasteiro it ranged from 110 to 210 days. Hull makes the 

 additional statement that, "Peanut seeds planted soon after maturity in 

 conditions near optimum for germination frequently required rest periods 

 ranging up to 2 years before germination." Hull assumed a multigenic 

 control of what he called "seed condition necessary to rest" with a normal 

 frequency distribution. He supposed that at about the midpoint of the 

 range of seed condition the threshold for germination was attained. Such 

 a situation would explain the marked skewness to the left of his frequency 

 distribution of days from planting to emergence. 



Since the publication of Hull's summary, Higgins (31, 32) has re- 

 ported further inheritance studies. He analyzed the genetics of seed coat 

 color in peanuts. Three basic colors were recognized: Red, white, and 

 flesh. These were further characterized as follows : 



1. Flesh — Base color is a salmon flesh, pale to dark, reddish lilac markings about 

 the hilum and along the veins, sometimes spreading. Varieties : Spanish, N.C. 

 Runner (African), Virginia Runner, Virginia Bunch. 



2. Red — This color also includes salmon lilac, various purples, and slate violet. 



3. White — Philippine White and Pearl are greenish white to lilac white which 

 weathers to yellow white. 



Red X Flesh Flesh x White (Philippine White) 



Fi all Red Fi all Flesh 



F2 3 Red : 1 Flesh F2 IS Flesh : 1 White 



White (Pearl) x Red 



Fi all Red 



Fa 12 Red; 3 Flesh :1 White 



White (Pearl) x White ( Philippine White) 



Fi all Red 



Fo Red, Flesh, and White 



The numbers were too small in the white x white progeny to establish 

 the genetic basis with certainty, but the following suggested formulae 

 appear to explain the results obtained : 



Pearl RRF1F1F2F2 dididada 



Phil. White rrfifif2f2 D1D1D2D2 



It is obvious that there are at least duplicate factors for flesh, an ad- 

 ditional factor which produces red in the presence of both flesh factors, 

 and two factors for color development, the absence of either of which 

 results in white. 



