250 THE PEANUT— THE UNPREDICTABLE LEGUME 



much as 300 percent (40) ; absorption may be reduced by using carbon 

 dioxide with a smaller dose of chloropicrin (34). 



Of the several fumigants in common usage, methyl bromide is prob- 

 ably the most desirable for fumigating peanuts and peanut products, 

 provided tight masonry storehouses, vaults or fumigation chambers are 

 available. This gas is noninflammable, is highly toxic to insects, and 

 penetrates well into bagged commodities or other masses of stored prod- 

 ucts. It is highly toxic to warm-blooded animals and is almost odorless. 

 Well-trained personnel are required for fumigation with methyl bromide. 

 The gas is usually introduced through pipes or tubes from cylinders of 

 the liquid material, placed outside. The rate of application is 1 to 1>4 

 pounds per 1,000 cubic feet where masses of stored products must be 

 penetrated. After an exposure of approximately 24 hours, the chamber 

 should be ventilated. In general, metal and wooden buildings are not suit- 

 able for fumigation with this material. For additional information on the 

 use of methyl bromide, the reader is referred to the Supplement to 

 USDA Circular 390 (39) and to USDA Circular 720 (37). 



Stored peanuts in tightly constructed metal or wooden buildings may 

 be fumigated with a grain fumigant containing three parts ethylene 

 dichloride and one part carbon tetrachloride, applied at the rate of 4 to 

 5 gallons per 1,000 bushels of stored product (35). 



A considerable amount of the information on control of insects in 

 stored peanuts was developed by research on these pests in other products. 

 Additional research is needed, particularly on the effect of fumigants, 

 refrigeration and heat treatment on peanuts and peanut products as well 

 as the insects involved. 



Miscellaneous Pests 



In addition to the insects discussed in this paper, numerous minor 

 pests have been observed attacking peanuts in various parts of the world. 

 No attempt is made to cover all of these pests, and no claim is made that 

 the publication is in any sense complete. 



SELECTED REFERENCES 



(1) ACKERMAN, A. J. AND ISELY, DWIGHT. 



193L THE LEAFHOPPERS ATTACKING APPLE IN THE OZARKS. U. S. Dept. Agr. 



Tech. Bui. 263, 40 pp. 



(2) Anderson, W. H. 



1938. A KEY TO separate THE LARVA OF THE WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE, 



Naupactus leucoloma boh., from the larvae of closely related 

 SPECIES. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quarantine. E-422, 

 3 pp. 



