20 THE AMATEURS’ GUIDE 
be divided into tender, half-hardy, and hardy varieties. The seed 
of tender annuals, such as the Cypress Vine, Thunbergia, Sensi- 
tive Plant, &c., should be sown about the first of June. The 
half-hardy annuals, such as Balsam, Cockscomb, Marigold, &c., 
should be sown about the middle of May. Mardy annuals, 
such as Candytuft, Clarkia, &c., may be sown in April or May. 
If sown, however, early in the autumn, they will grow large 
enough for transplanting early in the spring, if slightly protected 
through the winter. By this’ method, they will produce their 
flowers mucly earlier. 
Brennian FLowers.—These are principally of two years’ dura- 
tion, at least in their continuance in good perfection, being raised 
from seed sown in the spring for flowering the year following. 
In some varieties they most wholly decay, top and root; and, in 
others, although they continue longer, generally become of a weak 
and straggling growth, and do not flower in equal perfection. 
Some few may be continued in a perennial state by cuttings, lay- 
ers, &c. 
PERENNIAL FLOWERS.—The plants of this class are of several or 
many years’ continuance in the same roots, and consist of fibrous, 
fleshy, and in some tube-rooted kinds. Many sorts are raised 
from seed, but generally from slips, suckers, layers, and cuttings. 
They are very oramental and handsome flowering plants, shooting 
up their flower-stems in the spring, flowering in their proper 
season, and loosing their tops, wholly or in part, in autumn; and, 
the roots continuing, flower in that order annually. The roots 
of the herbaceous (fibrous) varieties should be divided in the 
spring. Some kinds may be divided in August, after flowering, 
when the roots will make fine plants and flower strongly the en- 
suing year. Suckers should be taken up when the plant is begin- 
ing to grow. Layers, cuttings, and seed of this class of plants 
may be grown successfully by the methods described under their 
respective heads. 
BvLEovs AND TUBE-ROOTED FLOWERS.—These bloom at intervals 
during the spring, summer, and fall, and being distinct in char- 
