108 THE AMATEURS’ GUIDE 
KITCHEN VEGETABLES. 
The varieties in ifalic letters are the same, or essentially so, 
as those in Roman, which immediately precede them. The names 
of the srasons, and not those of the monrus, have been used; con- 
sequently, seed directed to be planted early in the spring, should 
be sown as soon as winter has departed, whether that be on the 
1st of February in the South, or in March with us. So, likewise, 
of the other seasons. 
ARTICHOKE. 
Cynara Scolymus. Cynara Hortensis 
French, or oval-headed. Large Globe. : 
This vegetable is propagated from seed and offsets. If from the 
former, the seed should be sown in rows a foot apart, the middle 
of spring, and thinned to about the same distance as soon as they 
are an inch high. They should be kept clean from weeds, and 
the ground about them worked occasionally during the summer. 
When a year old, transplant to permanent beds, allowing each 
plant two or three feet square of room. They require a very rich 
soil. If propagated from offsets, the old plants should be exam- 
ined for the most healthy, which must be separated with as much 
root as possible. Holes, about fifteen inches in diameter and 
twelve inches deep, must then be made about three feet from each 
other, and filled in with manure. Two or three of the offsets 
should be placed in each hole, six or eight inches apart, and have 
a few inches of the tops trimmed off. Water them occasionally, 
and dig the ground well between them. Protect during winter 
by raising over them a mound of light dry earth. 
The part principally used is the pulpy receptacle in the flower- 
heads, termed the bottom, freed from the bristles or seed-down. 
The tender central leaf-stalk, or mid rib of the leaf, blanched, is 
also used, and by some thought preferable to the cardoon. 
