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114 THE AMATEURS’ GUIDE 
head. The early and summer varieties are usually sown in seed- 
beds, early in autumn, protected therein, or in cold frames during 
winter, and transplanted early in the spring. Where the climate 
is mild, and the land light and dry, they are planted out in the 
autumn, in which case they head earlier than those put out in the 
spring. Should a supply of plants not have been obtained in au- 
‘tumn, sow in hot-bed very early in spring, or somewhat later on a 
warm border in the open air. It should be borne in mind that, in 
no case, can fine Cabbage, and especially the earlier kinds, be had 
unless planted in heavily manured and well-tilled land. Heavy or 
strong loamy soils is best adapted to this crop, though deep tillage 
and strong manure will produce good heads on almost any soil The 
autumn and winter varieties should be sown in seed-beds from the 
middle to the end of spring, and transplanted early in summer. 
To have these kinds head early in the autumn, as a succession 
crop, sow at the same time with the early sorts. 
The Canpagu-rty is frequently so voracious as to destroy the 
young plants the moment they appear above ground. A solution 
of tobacco frequently sprinkled over them, or air-slacked lime 
dusted on the leaves when damp, is sometimes effectual. Another 
method is to dust the plants when damp with a mixture composed 
of soot and ashes in equal parts. A solution of whale-oil soap, 
sprinkled over the plants, have resulted favorably. A weak solu- 
tion of common brown or soft-soap would perbaps answer, where 
the former was not obtainable. 
To preserve the heads during winter, bury the stalks and part 
of the head with earth, and, if the weather be very severe, sprinkle 
straw over the same. When the crop has been cut, if the ground : 
be not immediately wanted, the stalks should be permitted to stand 
till a crop of sprouts be obtained. Where the ground is required 
for another crop, they may he taken up with balls of earth to the 
roots and’planted in a trench in any spare corner of the garden, at 
half a foot apart, always observing to deprive them of all their old 
leaves as soon as the head is cut off, that the young sprouts may 
receive additional nourishment. 
