Mode of Feeding 



that burrow into the tissues like the grubs of the 

 chrysanthemum leaf-miner, or the caterpillars of the 

 goat-moth orleopard-moth which feed on the wood 

 of trees. Nor is it possible to reach the insects that 

 feed underground by means of poisons applied to 

 their food. Nevertheless, this distinction between 

 insects made by their manner of feeding is of 

 enormous importance, and the latter is one of the 

 first things to ascertain regarding any pest with 

 which we may have to deal. The following Table 

 shows the principal biting and piercing and sucking 

 insects affecting plants. 



Insects Feeding by Biting or Insects Feeding by Piercing 



Onawing and Sucking 



Caterpillars of all butterflies and Greenflies and other aphides in 



moths. all stages. 



Larvae (usually caterpillar-like) Scale insects in all stages. ' 



of all sawflies. Plant bugs, including the cuckoo- 



Grubs of beetles and the mature spit insect in all stages. 



beetles themselves. Two-winged flies generally in 



Grubs of two-winged flies like mature stage. 



the onion, carrot, and celery 



flies, and the daddy-longlegs. 

 Wasps and ants. 

 Thrips. 

 Earwigs, cockroaches, crickets. 



The second most generally significant thing in 

 the life of the insect is the fact that it breathes 

 through several holes (called spiracles) ranged along 

 the sides of the body, and communicating with tubes 

 which convey the air throughout the body. It is 



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