THIRTEENTH CENTURY 31 



plundered by some turbulent neighbour. But, in spite of all 

 these disadvantages, some attempt at cultivation of fruit was 

 not unfrequently made. 



At Carlisle there must have been gardens round the town, 

 and outside the castle walls, if the old rhyming Chronicle of 

 the Wars in 1173 and 1174, between Henry II. and William 

 the Lion, of Scotland, is to be believed. The supposed author, 

 Jordan Fantosme, describes the siege of the Castle of Carlisle. 

 The translation of one verse runs thus : x 



" They did not lose within, I assure you I do not lie, 

 As much as amounted to a silver denier. 

 But they lost their fields, with all their corn 

 [And] their gardens [were] ravaged by those bad people, 

 And he who could not do any more injury took it into his head 

 To bark the apple trees ; — it was bad vengeance." 2 



Scattered throughout the Pipe Rolls and Exchequei Rolls 

 and Liberate Rolls there are to be found a few entries which 

 indicate some of the royal gardens in the twelfth and thirteenth 

 centuries. In 1 158-9 payments appear to the King's orchard- 

 man, " Henricus Arborarii," in London, and to the vine- 

 dressers at Windsor and elsewhere. 3 In 1259, Henry III. 

 made extensive alterations at the Palace of Westminster, and 

 among payments to workmen and carpenters and others 4 there 

 are several to labourers for " levelling the area of the garden 

 with a roller." 



In the reign of Edward I. further entries occur for keeping 

 the garden, and for dressing the vines in the vineyard at 

 Westminster, and of payment of the daily wage of 2|d. to 

 " Roger le Herberur," " formerly servant to the Lord the King 

 Henry, the King's father." In 1276-7 as much as £97 17s. j\&. 



1 Surtees Society, 1840, p. 77. 



2 A curious confirmation of the gardens at Carlisle even earlier, 1131, 

 is in the Pipe Roll, 31st Henry I. (printed ed., p. 141) : 



Receipt from Crown lands — " William Fitz Baldwin renders ac 

 count of 30s. of old farm of the king's garden of Carlisle. He 

 delivered [the same] into the Treasury — And he is quit. And 

 the same William owes 30s. of the farm of the same garden of 

 this year past." 



3 Pipe Roll Society, vol. i., 1884. 



* Devon Issue Rolls of the Exchequer, 1837. 



