EARLY TUDOR GARDENS 73 



or honeysuckle ; therefore even those which were not pulled 

 down purposely, must have been long ago destroyed by time. 

 And it is also much to be regretted that few, if any, examples 

 are to be found in English illuminated books, although plenty 

 of pictures occur in foreign MSS. of this period, especially- 

 French and Flemish. The scarcity of English examples is no 

 doubt partly owing to the destruction of religious books at the 

 time of the Reformation. They are found chiefly in the 

 calendars at the beginning of missals, or Books of Hours, 

 where the miniature for the month of May is frequently a 

 garden, or the garden of the day is introduced, in the illustra- 

 tion of some sacred subject. The gallery ran along the outer 

 wall of the garden, the wall forming one side, posts of wood in 

 a series of arches the other, while the pathway between the 

 wall and the posts was covered in, either with creepers and 

 wood-work, or something more substantial, and affording 

 better shelter. Sometimes the gallery followed the wall 

 round three sides, but it seems to have been the more 

 usual custom to have it on one side only, and it frequently 

 afforded a sheltered walk- from the house to the arbour or 

 mount. 



Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, during the first years 

 of the sixteenth century, began to lay out very extensive 

 gardens at Thornbury, in Gloucestershire, but he was accused 

 of treason, and hurried to the scaffold before carrying out his 

 plan. Among the State papers of the time, May, 1521, there 

 is a survey of his lands, and the following extracts appear in 

 it, under the heading of " gardens," and are illustrative of the 

 fashion of galleries. " On the south side of the inner ward [of 

 the castle] is a proper garden, and about the same a goodly 

 galley conveying above and beneath from the principal 

 lodgings, both to the chapel and parish church. The utter 

 (outer) part of the said gallery being of stone embattled, and 

 the inner part of timber covered with slate. On the east side 

 of the said castle or manor is a goodly garden to walk in, 

 closed with high walls, embattled. The conveyance thither 

 is by the gallery above and beneath, and by other privy ways. 

 Besides the same privy garden is a large and a goodly orchard, 

 full of young graffes well loaden with fruit, many roses, and 



