76 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 



tration.) The other style is described in the following 



poem i 1 



" Then we went to the garden glorious, 

 Like to a place of pleasure most solacious : 

 With Flora painted and wrought curiously 

 In divers knottes of marveylous greatnes. 

 Rampande lyons stode by wonderfly, 

 Made all of herbes, with dulset swetenes, 

 With many dragons, of marveylous likenes 

 Of diuers floures, made full craftely 

 By Flora couloured, with colours sundrye." 



The following are some of the flowers that were cultivated 

 in these knottes, or in the borders, in Tudor times, that are 

 mentioned by contemporary writers : Acanthus, asphodel, 

 auricula, amaranthe, " or blites," bachelor's buttons, corn- 

 flowers, or " bottles," cowslips, daffodils, daisies, " French 

 broome," gilliflowers (three varieties), hollyhock, iris, jasmine, 

 lavender, lilies, lily of the valley, marigold, narcissus (yellow 

 and white), pansies, or heartsease, peony, periwinkle, poppy, 

 primrose, rocket, roses, rosemary, snapdragon, stock gilliflowers, 

 sweet william, wall-flowers, winter-cherry, violet, and besides 

 these, other sweet -smelling herbs, such as mint and marjoram. 

 Having now gone through some of the principal features of 

 a Tudor garden, the railed beds, knottes, the mount, arbours, 

 and galleries, it would be well to consider not only what gardens 

 were made, but what happened to the old gardens in existence 

 during the first part of this period. In an earlier chapter some- 

 thing has been said of the position held by the monastery 

 gardens throughout the land. Now that the years of the 

 Reformation have been reached, so far as this great movement 

 affected gardens, it is necessary to glance at its progress. The 

 work of the visitation and then the suppression of the monas- 

 teries was begun in 1534. The greater ones were first attacked, 

 and the lesser ones followed. The work was carried on rapidly ; 

 in the northern district in 1536, eighty-eight monasteries were 

 reported on in a fortnight ; 2 two hundred and two were sup- 

 pressed or surrendered between 1538-40. At the time of the 



1 The Historie of Graunde Amour e and la bell Pucell, called the Pastime 

 of Pleasure, by Stephen Hawes, ed. 1554. 



2 Gasquet, Henry VIII. and Eng. Mon. 



